Understanding the mechanisms of relapse in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. SCLC is characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis, and high recurrence rates, even after initial treatment responses. Factors such as tumor heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic alterations, therapeutic resistance, and the tumor microenvironment all contribute to relapse in SCLC. Emerging therapeutic approaches, including combination therapies targeting multiple pathways, novel targeted agents, and immunotherapies tailored to specific molecular subtypes, show promise in overcoming treatment resistance and preventing relapse. By integrating advancements in cancer biology, genomics, and immunology, personalized and targeted treatments can be developed to combat relapse and enhance the survival of SCLC patients.
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